过冷流动沸腾汽泡凝结变形及流场特性的数值模拟

建立了过冷流动沸腾汽泡凝结质量及能量传递模型,采用VOF多相流模型,对汽泡凝结过程进行了数值模拟。得到了不同工况下汽泡变形过程及其内部和周围流场变化,与前人研究结果吻合较好。结果表明：汽泡凝结过程中,其形貌将发生变化且受汽泡初始直径和过冷度等影响显著。过冷度越高或初始直径越大,汽泡变形越剧烈。当初始直径和过冷度都达到一定数值时,汽泡在凝结后期将发生破裂。     

利用顶点预测方法实现三维网格的保形简化

针对产品的三维表面用三角网格来表示时,三角形数量巨大的问题,提出了一种基于顶点预测的三角形折叠简化方法。首先根据网格模型的每一个顶点与其周边元素之间的几何拓扑关系,运用投影预测方法来预测三角形折叠的折叠点坐标,然后运用线性插值算子对折叠点坐标进行调整。为进一步保证简化后模型的质量,在采用距离误差控制的同时,引入了角度误差控制方法。实验结果表明,该简化算法在减少模型的三角形数量的同时,有效地保持模型特征,保证了模型表面的光顺。     

汽油机连续可变进气凸轮轴相位策略的数值模拟

针对486Q汽油机连续可变进气凸轮轴配气相位系统的研制,采用发动机循环模拟数值方法研究连续可变进气凸轮轴配气相位系统的相位策略。数值模拟表明486Q汽油机在高负荷中低转速工况通过进气相位提前抑制进气在气门关闭时刻向进气道的倒流可有效提高循环进气量,使中低转速工况动力输出性能提高6%～8%,其结果与随后试验测试获得进气相位变化量一致。综合考虑燃油消耗率和有害排放物生成,数值模拟中等负荷工况进气相位参数的调节优化,通过进气相位提前,示例工况缸内残余废气系数可从9%增加到20%,NO排放量低减约80%,燃油消耗     

一种基于网络编码的无线广播高效重传方法

为了提高无线网络中重传数据包的重传效率,提出一种基于异或网络编码的数据包重传方法,并采用了优化的丢失包编码组合策略.     

A PPARγ-FGF1 axis is required for adaptive adipose remodelling and metabolic homeostasis

Although feast and famine cycles illustrate that remodelling of adipose tissue in response to fluctuations in nutrient availability is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we identify fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) as a critical transducer in this process in mice, and link its regulation to the nuclear receptor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ), which is the adipocyte master regulator and the target of the thiazolidinedione class of insulin sensitizing drugs. FGF1 is the prototype of the 22-member FGF family of proteins and has been implicated in a range of physiological processes, including development, wound healing and cardiovascular changes. Surprisingly, FGF1 knockout mice display no significant phenotype under standard laboratory conditions. We show that FGF1 is highly induced in adipose tissue in response to a high-fat diet and that mice lacking FGF1 develop an aggressive diabetic phenotype coupled to aberrant adipose expansion when challenged with a high-fat diet. Further analysis of adipose depots in FGF1-deficient mice revealed multiple histopathologies in the vasculature network, an accentuated inflammatory response, aberrant adipocyte size distribution and ectopic expression of pancreatic lipases. On withdrawal of the high-fat diet, this inflamed adipose tissue fails to properly resolve, resulting in extensive fat necrosis. In terms of mechanisms, we show that adipose induction of FGF1 in the fed state is regulated by PPARγ acting through an evolutionarily conserved promoter proximal PPAR response element within the FGF1 gene. The discovery of a phenotype for the FGF1 knockout mouse establishes the PPARγ–FGF1 axis as critical for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitization.     

Topological domains in mammalian genomes identified by analysis of chromatin interactions

The spatial organization of the genome is intimately linked to its biological function, yet our understanding of higher order genomic structure is coarse, fragmented and incomplete. In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, interphase chromosomes occupy distinct chromosome territories, and numerous models have been proposed for how chromosomes fold within chromosome territories. These models, however, provide only few mechanistic details about the relationship between higher order chromatin structure and genome function. Recent advances in genomic technologies have led to rapid advances in the study of three-dimensional genome organization. In particular, Hi-C has been introduced as a method for identifying higher order chromatin interactions genome wide. Here we investigate the three-dimensional organization of the human and mouse genomes in embryonic stem cells and terminally differentiated cell types at unprecedented resolution. We identify large, megabase-sized local chromatin interaction domains, which we term 'topological domains', as a pervasive structural feature of the genome organization. These domains correlate with regions of the genome that constrain the spread of heterochromatin. The domains are stable across different cell types and highly conserved across species, indicating that topological domains are an inherent property of mammalian genomes. Finally, we find that the boundaries of topological domains are enriched for the insulator binding protein CTCF, housekeeping genes, transfer RNAs and short interspersed element (SINE) retrotransposons, indicating that these factors may have a role in establishing the topological domain structure of the genome.     

春性甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系的结实性评价

在两个环境条件下,考察了4个春油菜不育系的育性、花器性状和结实性.结果表明:4个不育系的育性稳定性和结实性差异较大,105A的不育性稳定且彻底,花瓣张开角度大(83.64°),结实指数和单株产量最高;318A和025A的育性稳定性较差,花瓣张开角度小(41.18°、44°),结实指数和单株产量均较低;改良144A的上述性状介于105A和025A之间.影响不育系结实指数的主要因素是花期闭蕾率和花瓣张开角度.花瓣张开角度小会增加蜜蜂从基部进入花朵内采蜜的几率,从而降低蜜蜂对不育系的授粉效果.     

Strategies of Collaboration in Multi-Swarm Peer-to-Peer Content Distribution

In modern Peer-to-Peer (P2P) content distribution applications, multiple swarms typically exist, each corresponding to the dissemination of one content among interested peers. A common design in the existing P2P applications is to allow peers in one swarm to help each other, while different swarms are only coupled when sharing the upload bandwidth at the dedicated content servers/publishers. In recent years, a number of proposals have emerged which advocate inter-swarm collaboration and resource sharing, where peers in one swarm may contribute their storage and bandwidth resources to help peers in the swarm of another content. Such inter-swarm collaboration can improve content availability and optimize resource uti-lization in the entire system, at the cost of additional overhead for content preloading and inter-swarm coor-dination. This paper presents a survey of studies on effective inter-swarm collaboration mechanisms in the existing literature. This paper first discusses strategies of collaboration in P2P file sharing applications, and then presents multi-channel collaborative design for P2P live and Video-on-Demand (VoD) streaming. In particular, this paper elaborates our recent design of collaboration strategies among multiple streaming channels in a P2P VoD system, and shows that the server cost can be reduced by up to 25% while high streaming qualities are guaranteed in the entire system, even during extreme scenarios such as unexpected flash crowds. This paper also discusses representative approaches to implement inter-swarm collaborations in various P2P content distribution systems.     

基于应用型人才培养模式的生物技术专业课程体系的构建

课程体系改革是人才培养模式改革创新的一项重要内容,有利于当代大学生合理素质结构、知识结构和能力结构的形成.为解决生物技术专业课程设置中存在的一些问题,提出了一种面向实际、细化专业方向、集中体现地方院校应用型人才培养特色的生物技术专业课程体系.     

下穿已有隧道泥水盾构施工的预测分析

基于2010年上海世博会重大配套工程——打浦路隧道复线工程,结合具体实际地质条件及施工参数,利用Abaqus有限元分析软件,建立三维非线性有限元模型,模拟泥水盾构沿弧线斜下穿已有隧道的施工过程.计算并分析在泥水盾构施工过程中,已有隧道发生的变形、产生的应力以及地表发生的沉降,预测泥水盾构施工对已有隧道和地表的影响,并与实测数据进行比较,说明分析预测的可信性.所得结果不仅对该工程具有积极的指导意义,而且对其他类似工程的分析也具有重要的借鉴作用.